![]() ![]() By bringing in a reliable measure of pupil size, another cognitive signal could be added, enriching the BCI process.Ĭombined use of other biosensors and pupillometry could take BCI even further, as Graur and Siegle note in their article (2013): “In particular, if personal computers could perceive a user’s emotion via the use of physiological measures such as heart rate, galvanic skin response, EEG, pupil diameter etc., then it could intelligently alter a user’s experience” How to do pupillometry BCI is often used by people with physical movement impairments, and eye tracking can be an accessible way for computer interaction to occur. This could provide a quick and easy way in which to ensure that the best possible treatment is matched to the afflicted individual, which could improve not only recovery rates, but also the efficiency of healthcare.įurther to this, the field of brain-computer-interaction (BCI) could be greatly enhanced by utilizing pupil dilation as an additional signal. Researchers have noted that psychological treatment success can be predicted at a certain level, dependent on pupillometry results. The measurement of pupil dilation does however offer some tentative clues as to how the lives of people suffering from a neurological disease might be improved. All of this establishes pupillometry as a critically important measure for not only understanding the normal function of individuals, but also what happens in the brain afflicted by disease. On the clinical / medical side, researchers have found abnormal pupillometry responses to stimuli in individuals with depression, anxiety, Autism spectrum disorder, and even Parkinson’s disease. ![]() Through fMRI imaging, it has been found that increases in brain activity within different areas have been directly linked to pupil dilation, making this measure a suitable proxy for understanding cognitive processes at a deep level. As the amount of cognitive or emotional processing increases, so too does the pupil dilation. These findings further suggest that an increase in pupil dilation is concordant with an increase in cognitive processing – the harder your brain works to process emotion or information leads to larger pupils. the word “blue” that is printed in a red color). An example of this is shown with the Stroop task – in which participants read incongruently colored words (e.g. ![]() More than meets the eyeįurther research has also uncovered that cognitive load is linked to the degree of pupil dilation that occurs – with more cognitively demanding tasks linked to increasingly large pupil size. Research has also suggested that pupillometry tests may be a more reliable measure of stress-related responses than GSR, although there are more constraints on how this research is carried out which are discussed below. It has since been established that any emotionally charged stimuli (presented as images, words, sounds, etc) will elicit an expansion of pupil size, providing a measure of emotional response not too dissimilar from galvanic skin response ( GSR in which the intensity of an emotion can be uncovered, but not the direction). While it was originally thought (and often claimed in pop-science) that the pupil would only dilate in response to positive or attractive stimuli, psychologists have uncovered that both positively and negatively valenced information can bring about such an increase. Pupillometry is defined as a measure of pupil dilation, giving unique insights into how an individual views their environment. Pupil dilation is affected not only by how we see the world, but also by how we experience it. The amount of light can be controlled by the size of our pupil, but that’s not the only thing that the pupil size responds to. When we look around at the world, our eyes track different features, and both our corneas and the tissue surrounding the lenses of our eyes adjust to focus the light, making a scene visible. If our eyes are the windows to the soul, then the pupils are at least the gateway to the brain. ![]()
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